![]() But calcium intake should not be too high. Health care providers usually do not tell people to limit dietary calcium in order to lower urine calcium. Studies have shown that restricting dietary calcium can be bad for bone health and may increase kidney stone risk. Lowering the amount of calcium in your diet rarely stops stones from forming. It is not always due to how much calcium you eat. High urine calcium levels may be due to the way your body handles calcium. One of the more common causes of calcium kidney stones is high levels of calcium in the urine. Dietĭiet can also affect the chance of forming a stone. While water is likely the best fluid to drink, what matters most is getting enough fluid. On average, this will take about 3 liters (100 ounces) of fluid intake per day. By doing this, you may reduce your risk of stones forming.Īdults who form stones should drink enough fluid to make at least 2.5 liters (⅔ gallon) of urine every day. Increasing fluid intake will dilute the salts in your urine. Concentrated urine means there is less fluid to keep salts dissolved. When urine volume is low, urine is concentrated and dark in color. Low urine volume may come from dehydration (loss of body fluids) from hard exercise, working or living in a hot place, or not drinking enough fluids. Cystine stones often start to form in childhood.Ī major risk factor for kidney stones is constant low urine volume. When high amounts of cystine are in the urine, it causes stones to form. It is when the kidneys do not reabsorb cystine from the urine. Cystinuria (too much cystine in the urine) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder. ![]() Cystine stones (less than 1 percent of stones)Ĭystine is an amino acid that is in certain foods it is one of the building blocks of protein. People who get chronic UTIs, such as those with long-term tubes in their kidneys or bladders, or people with poor bladder emptying due to neurologic disorders (paralysis, multiple sclerosis, and spina bifida) are at the highest risk for developing these stones. These stones are often large, with branches, and they often grow very fast. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) stones form in alkaline urine. Some bacteria make the urine less acidic and more basic or alkaline. These stones are related to chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Struvite stones are not a common type of stone. Struvite/infection stones (10 percent of stones) A diet that is high in animal protein and low in fruits and vegetables.Uric acid crystals do not dissolve well in acidic urine and instead will form a uric acid stone. Uric acid is a waste product that comes from chemical changes in the body. Uric acid stones (5-10 percent of stones) Even with normal amounts of calcium in the urine, calcium stones may form for other reasons. Some people have too much calcium in their urine, raising their risk of calcium stones. Calcium oxalate is by far the most common type of calcium stone. ![]() There are two types of calcium stones: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Diagram of Kidney Stones Enlarge Calcium stones (80 percent of stones)Ĭalcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone. ![]()
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